The Demographic Transition

The demographic transition is a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population. Stage 2,  rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates produce very high natural increase.  Industrial Revolution, which involved major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to market. Also includes a medical revolution. Medical technology invented in Europe and North America has diffused to developing countries. Stage 3, a country moves from stage 2 to stage 3 of the demographic transition when the CBR begins to drop sharply. The population continues to grow because the CBR is still greater than CDR. A society enters stage 3 when people have fewer children. A country reaches stage 4 when the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero.  This condition is called zero population growth. Some countries, primarily western and Northern European countries, are now experiencing population decline, have entered stage five, which for the demographic transition does not exists.

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